The influence of the quality in daycare environments on children's motor development between six to 15 months old / Influência da qualidade do ambiente das creches no desenvolvimento motor de crianças entre seis e 15 meses

Abstract Objectives: to analyze the influence of the quality in the environment on children's motor development between six to 15 months old attending early childhood education centers. Methods: a cross-sectional and analytical study addressing children's motor development between six to 15 months old, both sexes, enrolled in nursery (0-12 months) and preschoolers (12-24 months). The Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale and Alberta Infant Motor Scale were used in the Brazilian versions Results: the sample was comprised of 104 children and 30 early childhood education centers: presenting a mean age of 9.15 months, 88% attended full-time and 12% part-time schooling (mornings or afternoons). One center was classified with a low Affordances, 26 were considered Sufficient, and three were Adequate. Of the participating children, 40% presented typical motor development. The higher levels of Affordances suggest better motor development, and lower levels of suspected delayed motor development. Conclusion: the environments of early childhood education centers influence children's motor performance, especially daily activities and the use of toys. The lower the Affordances level, more likely children are suspected of delayed motor development.

Resumo Objetivos: analisar a influência da qualidade do ambiente no desenvolvimento motor de crianças na faixa etária entre seis e 15 meses que frequentam centros de educação infantil. Métodos estudo de delineamento transversal e analítico sobre o desenvolvimento motor de crianças entre seis e 15 meses de idade, de ambos os sexos, matriculadas em turmas de berçário (0-12 meses) e maternal I (12-24 meses), com utilização das escalas validadas Affordances in the Home Environment for Motor Development-Infant Scale e Alberta Infant Motor Scale. Resultados: a amostra de 104 crianças e 30 centros de educação infantil apresentou idade média de 9,15 meses, 88% permanecia em período integral e 12% meio período (manhã ou tarde), um centro foi classificado como Affordance Fraca, 26 Suficiente e três Adequada. Das crianças participantes, 40% apresentaram desenvolvimento motor normal. Os maiores níveis de Affordance indicam melhor desenvolvimento motor e níveis menores de Affordance sinalizam suspeita de atraso motor. Conclusão: o ambiente de centros de educação infantil em que a criança está inserida exerce influência no desempenho motor, principalmente ligado às atividades diárias e uso de brinquedos. Quanto menor o nível de Affordance mais possibilidades de suspeita de atraso motor infantil.

Frequency of nutritional disorders and their risk factors among children attending 13 nurseries in São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional study / Frequência de distúrbios nutricionais e de seus fatores de risco entre crianças de 13 creches de São Paulo, Brasil. Um estudo transversal

ABSTRACTCONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Nutritional disorders are associated with health problems earlier in life. The objective here was to estimate the frequency of nutritional disorders and their risk factors among children. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in nurseries at 13 day-care centers in São Paulo, Brazil.METHODS: The mothers of 482 children were interviewed, with anthropometry on these children. Children whose anthropometric indices for weight and height were greater than two standard deviations were considered to have nutritional disorders.RESULTS: Children in families with lower per capita income (odds ratio [OR]: 2.25; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.08-4.67) and who presented neonatal risk (OR 8.08; 95% CI: 2.29-28.74), had incomplete vaccinations (OR 3.44; 95% CI: 1.15-10.31) or were male (OR 3.73; 95% CI: 1.63-8.56) were more likely to be malnourished. Children in families with lower per capita income were also less likely to be overnourished (OR 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19-0.88). Children who were exclusively breastfed for less than two months (OR 2.95; 95% CI: 1.35-6.44) or who were male (OR 2.18; 95% CI: 1.02-4.65) were also at greater risk of being overnourished. Children who presented neonatal risk (OR 3.41; 95% CI: 1.04-11.23), had incomplete vaccinations (OR 3.18; 95% CI: 1.307.76), or were male (OR 2.76; 95% CI: 1.56-4.90) were more likely to have a nutritional disorder.CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional disorders remain present in children attending nurseries in São Paulo. Actions should focus on boys, children who were exclusively breastfed for less than two months and those without up-to-date vaccinations.

RESUMOCONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Distúrbios nutricionais estão associados a problemas de saúde mais cedo na vida. O objetivo foi estimar a frequência dos distúrbios nutricionais e seus fatores de risco entre crianças.DESENHO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal em berçários de 13 creches em São Paulo, Brasil.MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas entrevistas com as mães e antropometria de 482 crianças. Foram consideradas com distúrbios nutricionais as crianças com valores dos índices antropométricos para peso e estatura maiores do que dois desvios-padrão.RESULTADOS: Crianças de famílias com menor renda per capita (OR 2,25; intervalo de confiança de 95%, IC 95%: 1,08-4,67), de risco neonatal (OR 8,08; IC 95%: 2,29-28,74), com vacinação incompleta (OR 3,44; IC 95%: 1,15-10,31) ou do sexo masculino (OR 3,73; IC 95%: 1,63-8,56) apresentaram maior risco de estarem desnutridas. Crianças de famílias com menor rendaper capitaapresentaram menor risco de estarem hipernutridas (OR 0,40; IC 95%: 0,19-0,88) e crianças que receberam amamentação exclusiva por menos de dois meses (OR 2,95; IC 95%: 1,35-6,44) ou do sexo masculino (OR 2,18; IC 95%: 1,02-4,65) apresentaram maior risco de estarem hipernutridas. Crianças de risco neonatal (OR 3,41; IC 95%: 1,04-11,23), com vacinação incompleta (OR 3,18; IC 95%: 1,30-7,76), ou do sexo masculino (OR 2,76; IC 95%: 1,56-4,90) apresentaram maior risco de terem um distúrbio nutricional.CONCLUSÕES: Distúrbios nutricionais permanecem presentes em crianças frequentadoras de creches em São Paulo. Ações devem focar meninos, crianças que foram amamentadas exclusivamente por menos de dois meses e aquelas com vacinação incompleta.

Fuentes de contaminación intradomiciliaria y enfermedad respiratoria en jardines infantiles y salas cunas de Temuco y Padre Las Casas, Chile / Association between indoor contamination and respiratory diseases in children living in Temuco and Padre Las Casas, Chile

Background: Indoor air pollution, is the main cause of population exposure to polluting agents. Aim: To establish an environmental profile of indoor contamination emission sources in families of children under 5years that assist to kindergartens in Temuco and Padre Las Casas. To associate respiratory disease episodes in children with indoor contamination. Material and methods: Cross sectional analysis of 355 family groups subjected to questionnaires about indoor contamination and number of respiratory disease episodes. Results: Forty six percent of mothers or caregivers smoked, 37 percent smoked at home and 93 percent smoked one to two cigarettes per day. There was a significant association between respiratory diseases in children and drying clothes in the kitchen, using firewood for heating and the presence of humidity in the dwelling. Mothers identified as indoor contaminants the use of braziers in 76 percent of cases and firewood stoves in 24 percent. Ninety seven percent considered that these appliances were detrimental for respiratory health. Conclusions: The lack of awareness about indoor contamination among subjects of low socioeconomic status, should prompt educational campaigns to modify behaviors in their dwellings.